Austrians want to make microeconomics the foundation of macroeconomics. Sonenshein, Mantel and Debreu proved, mathematically that micro is unsuitable as a foundation of macro. Two plus two would have to equal five before Austrians could be true.
Microeconomics: Savings is a good idea.
Macroeconomics: If everyone net saves, and your spending is my income, then we get the Great Depression.
One other Austrian myth: Money supplanted barter, and credit ultimately replaced money. The sequence here: barter, then money, then credit.
Archaeologists have discovered evidence of credit from ~3500 BCE, primarily marks on clay tablets for pay stubs, bar tabs and other obligations. Money (coins) arrived at ~800-600 BCE, literally millenia later. The correct sequence: credit, then money, and very, very rarely, barter.
David Graeber observes, in Debt: The First 5,000 Years, that there has never been economic money (not magical money) without a supervising authority like a temple, king, or state. Never!
States create markets like this: If the king wants to hire 1,000 soldiers, he has a logistical nightmare ahead. He has to pay, clothe, feed, train and supply the soldiers and their steeds. How does he do it? He pays them in the authorized currency--let's call it "crowns." Then he taxes the entire population in crowns. This is obviously a simple example, and real world markets are more complex, but you get the idea. The Austrian idea of markets originating with "free people" with "free exchanges" is not something supported by history.
Economists Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson, whose work on why nations fail identified the transition from inclusive to extractive institutions as the single most reliable predictor of national economic deterioration, documented this sequence across centuries of comparative history before this administration took office. Extractive institutions are those designed to concentrate wealth and power in the hands of a narrow elite at the expense of the broader population. Every country that completed this transition took the same path: oversight capture first, financial extraction second, institutional hollowing third, and population bearing the biological cost last….
The critical variable in every case is not the volume of theft. Plenty of governments have sustained corruption without producing failed states. The critical variable is the deliberate destruction of the institutional layer between the extraction and the population.
Houston is often touted as the apotheosis of the "abundance" agenda, and is revered by anti-government libertarians. Why? Because it has the most minimal zoning possible, specifying only minimum lot sizes and road design. If you live in a single family home and want to open a bar in your living room (and the private subdivision restrictions don't forbid it), you can. It's a libertarian paradise!
One other observation: if you look at cities (and counties) with complex zoning restrictions--e.g., Sacramento City or County--you will see they look almost identical to Houston. Zoning, at least as practiced in parts of California, is completely ineffective, and regularly ignored, especially if someone politically influential wants a zoning change. (I've discussed this before here.)
A new bit of information is that Houston's lack of zoning does not lead to prosperity or more affordable housing.
Notice that three Texas cities populate in this poverty ranking, but only two California cities appear. The ranking is even more one-sided when one compares the availability of affordable rentals.
From replies to the Tweet that is the source of the above:
What's the percentage of the population that is classified as rent burdened?
Alicia Gerardo: According to Rice University's Kinder Institute for Urban Research, about 51% of renters in Houston are rent-burdened, meaning they pay more than 30% of their income on housing. Additionally, more than 25% of renters spend half of their income on rent.
Philip: Any info on the right graph as to what was considered affordable?
Alicia Gerardo: The National Low Income Housing Coalition's The Gap Report defines affordable housing as "Housing units with rent and utilities that do not exceed 30% of a given income threshold."nlihc.org
Philip: Nice, thank you! I think what the “just build more housing!” crowd doesn’t get is that no amount of new housing is ever going to drive prices down to a price affordable to people making 30-40k a year, which is a gigantic chunk of people.